Numerical Modeling for Excavation Stability: Comparing 2D and 3D Approaches in Underground Mining
Volume Title: ICASGE2025
Paper ID : 1090-ICASGE-FULL
Authors
1- Mines School of Rabat, Department of Mines, Resources Valorization, Environment, and Sustainable Development Research Team (RVESD), Ave Hadj Ahmed Cherkaoui, BP 753, Agdal, Rabat, Morocco.
- Managem group, Twin Center, Tower A, PB 16016, Maarif, Casablanca, Morocco
2- Research Institute on Mines and Environment (RIME), University of Québec in Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Rouyn-Noranda, QC J9X 5E4, Canada. - Geology and Sustainable Mining Institute, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir 43150, Morocco.
3- Resources Valorization, Environment and Sustainable Development Research Team (RVESD), Department of Mines, Mines School of Rabat, Ave Hadj Ahmed Cherkaoui, BP 753, Agdal, Rabat 10090, Morocco. - Geology and Sustainable Mining Institute, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir 43150, Morocco.
43 Research Institute on Mines and Environment (RIME), University of Québec in Ab-itibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Rouyn-Noranda, QC J9X 5E4, Canada.
Abstract
Development headings such as tunnels, ramps, and access are crucial infrastructure components for efficient ore extraction in underground mining operations. Creating these openings, governed by various geological and operational parameters, necessitates careful planning and assessment to ensure the stability and integrity of the excavations. The stability of underground structures is primarily influenced by several factors, including rock mass quality, inducing stress, the depth of the excavation, and the excavation methods applied. These factors are critical in determining the risk of collapse, deformation, or failure, which can significantly impact safety and operational efficiency. To enhance the stability of this excavation, 2D and 3D numerical models (FEM) and field investigations were compared to highlight the deformation around the excavation at varying depths. The numerical results revealed that 3D geomechanical modeling is required to create realistic models in complex geological conditions and under varying depths. However, the 2D geomechanical model can be used in very shallow areas.
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